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Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity. , the IAEA report there are 435 nuclear power reactors in operation operating in 31 countries. Nuclear power plants are usually considered to be base load stations, since fuel is a small part of the cost of production.〔(World Nuclear Association; The economics of nuclear Power, updated July 2012 ) Their operations and maintenance (O&M) and fuel costs (including used fuel management) are, along with hydropower plants, at the low end of the spectrum and make them very suitable as base-load power suppliers.〕
==History==
:''For more history, see nuclear reactor, nuclear power and nuclear fission.''
Electricity was generated by a nuclear reactor for the first time ever on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the United States, and was the first nuclear power plant to power a light bulb.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Graphite Reactor )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://web.ornl.gov/ornlhome/history/Graphite_Reactor/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://secure.flickr.com/photos/doe-oakridge/8601195082/ )〕 The second, larger experiment occurred on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho in the United States. On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid started operations at the Soviet city of Obninsk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Russia's Nuclear Fuel Cycle )〕 The world's first full scale power station, Calder Hall in England opened on October 17, 1956.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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